Chapter 19
Circulation
The Circulatory System
Courtesy of Get Well Natural, LLC
There are three types of circulation. They are pulmonary, systemic, and coronary. Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood flowing through the heart. Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs, and back to the heart. Then systemic circulation is the flow of blood throughout the body.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart, and capillaries connect arteries and veins.
In the heart, blood circulation goes like this:
1. Blood low in oxygen (oxygen-poor blood) enters the vena cava through the inferior and superior vena cava.
2. The blood goes to the right atrium.
3. Then it goes to the right ventricle, through the AV valve, also called the tricuspid valve.
4. The oxygen-poor blood goes through the pulmonary vein, to the lungs, where they get oxygen and become oxygen-rich.
5. The blood comes back through the pulmonary vein, and goes into the left atrium.
6. It goes to the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, or the bicuspid valve.
7. The oxygen-rich blood goes through the aorta, and to the rest of the body.
The leading cause of deaths in the United States is actually heart diseases. One disease is atherosclerosis. That is when fatty deposits build up along the walls of arteries. Then red blood cells can't get through as easily, so the heart has to work harder. The person's blood pressure goes up, and a heart attack can occur.
To help prevent cardiovascular disease, stay away from smoking. Go to the doctor for regular checkups, have a healthy diet, and exercise often.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart, and capillaries connect arteries and veins.
In the heart, blood circulation goes like this:
1. Blood low in oxygen (oxygen-poor blood) enters the vena cava through the inferior and superior vena cava.
2. The blood goes to the right atrium.
3. Then it goes to the right ventricle, through the AV valve, also called the tricuspid valve.
4. The oxygen-poor blood goes through the pulmonary vein, to the lungs, where they get oxygen and become oxygen-rich.
5. The blood comes back through the pulmonary vein, and goes into the left atrium.
6. It goes to the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, or the bicuspid valve.
7. The oxygen-rich blood goes through the aorta, and to the rest of the body.
The leading cause of deaths in the United States is actually heart diseases. One disease is atherosclerosis. That is when fatty deposits build up along the walls of arteries. Then red blood cells can't get through as easily, so the heart has to work harder. The person's blood pressure goes up, and a heart attack can occur.
To help prevent cardiovascular disease, stay away from smoking. Go to the doctor for regular checkups, have a healthy diet, and exercise often.
Blood
Courtesy of What is Blood Made of?
The blood has 4 major functions. They are:
1. Blood carries oxygen from the lungs all over the body cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from your body cells and into your blood. The blood carries the carbon dioxide to your lungs to be exhaled.
2. Blood carries waste products from your cells to your kidneys to be removes.
3. Blood transports nutrients and other substances to your body cells.
4. Cells and molecules in blood fight infections and help heal wounds.
Blood has red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells. White blood cells help your body fight infections and diseases in your body. Plasma is the dissolved nutrients, minerals, and oxygen. Plasma makes up 55% blood. The last thing in blood is platelets. They are cell fragments, and they help the blood clot when there is a cut.
There are a few steps to blood clotting. First, you get a cut. Second, platelets stick to the wound and release chemicals. Next clotting factors in the blood carry out a series of chemical reactions. Then fibrin form a sticky net over the wound, trapping escaping blood cells. A scab forms, and skin cells begin the repair process under the scab. When the skin is healed, the scab will fall off.
There are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Each type has certain types of blood it can receive, and certain types it can donate to. If the wrong type is received or donated, the blood will clump, and that person will most likely die.
There are many diseases of the blood, like leukemia, where the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells, so the body can't properly fight infections.
1. Blood carries oxygen from the lungs all over the body cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from your body cells and into your blood. The blood carries the carbon dioxide to your lungs to be exhaled.
2. Blood carries waste products from your cells to your kidneys to be removes.
3. Blood transports nutrients and other substances to your body cells.
4. Cells and molecules in blood fight infections and help heal wounds.
Blood has red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells. White blood cells help your body fight infections and diseases in your body. Plasma is the dissolved nutrients, minerals, and oxygen. Plasma makes up 55% blood. The last thing in blood is platelets. They are cell fragments, and they help the blood clot when there is a cut.
There are a few steps to blood clotting. First, you get a cut. Second, platelets stick to the wound and release chemicals. Next clotting factors in the blood carry out a series of chemical reactions. Then fibrin form a sticky net over the wound, trapping escaping blood cells. A scab forms, and skin cells begin the repair process under the scab. When the skin is healed, the scab will fall off.
There are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Each type has certain types of blood it can receive, and certain types it can donate to. If the wrong type is received or donated, the blood will clump, and that person will most likely die.
There are many diseases of the blood, like leukemia, where the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells, so the body can't properly fight infections.
The Lymphatic System
Courtesy of The Daily Apple
The lymphatic system carries lymph through a network of lymphatic capillaries. Lymph is tissue fluid that had dissolved into the lymphatic capillaries. Lymphocytes are a type white blood cells that fight infections and diseases.
Lymph nodes are organs of this system that filter our microorganisms and foreign materials.
There are 3 major lymphatic organs. The spleen is located behind the stomach, and it is the largest lymphatic organ. It removes dead and worn-out red blood cells from the blood.
The thymus is another lymphatic organ. It is located right behind the sternum. It makes lymphocytes that protect you from infection.
The last organ is the tonsils. They are located at the back of your throat, and filter out harmful microorganisms from that enter through your mouth.
HIV is a virus of the lymphatic system. It enters the body and kills off all of the lymphocytes. The person with HIV usually dies from the diseases that that lymphocytes usually would have fought off.
Lymph nodes are organs of this system that filter our microorganisms and foreign materials.
There are 3 major lymphatic organs. The spleen is located behind the stomach, and it is the largest lymphatic organ. It removes dead and worn-out red blood cells from the blood.
The thymus is another lymphatic organ. It is located right behind the sternum. It makes lymphocytes that protect you from infection.
The last organ is the tonsils. They are located at the back of your throat, and filter out harmful microorganisms from that enter through your mouth.
HIV is a virus of the lymphatic system. It enters the body and kills off all of the lymphocytes. The person with HIV usually dies from the diseases that that lymphocytes usually would have fought off.
